Capitalism :: essays research papers

Capitalism A form of frugal order characterized by private self-control of the means of work and the independence of private owners to use, buy and sell their property or services on the market at voluntarily agreed prices and terms, with only minimal to-do with much(prenominal) transactions by the state or other domineering third parties. Communism 1.Any ideology based on the communal ownership of all property and a classless social structure, with stinting production and distribution to be directed and regulated by means of an authorized economic plan that supposedly embodies the interests of the community as a whole. Karl Marx is directly the most famous early theoretician of communism, but he did non invent the term or the basic social ideals, which he generally borrowed and adapted from the less systematic theories of earlier French utopian socialists -- engraft these onto a philosophical framework Marx derived from the German philosophers Hegel and Feuerbach, whi le adding in a number of economic theories derived from his reinterpretation of the writings of such early political economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. In most versions of the communist utopia, everyone would be expected to co-operate enthusiastically in the process of production, but the several(prenominal) citizens cope with rights of access to consumer goods would be completely unaffected by his/her own individual contribution to production -- hence Karl Marxs famous slogan "From each check to his ability to each according to his need." The Marxian and other 19th century communist utopias also were expected to dispense with such "relics of the past" as trading, money, prices, wages, pays, interest, land-rent, calculations of profit and loss, contracts, banking, insurance, lawsuits, etc. It was expected that such a radical reordering of the economic sphere of life would also more or less rapidly lead to the elimination of all ot her major social problems such as class conflict, political oppression, racial discrimination, the inequality of the sexes, religious bigotry, and ethnical backwardness -- as well as put an end to such more "psychological" forms of suffering as alienation, anomie, and feelings of powerlessness. 2.The specifically Marxist-Leninist pattern of socialism which emphasizes that a truly communist order of magnitude can be achieved only through the violent overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a "dictatorship of the proletariat" that is to prepare the way for the future idealized society of communism under the authoritarian guidance of a hierarchical and condition Communist Party.